People of Russian Heritage.
People of Polish Heritage.
People of Thai Heritage.
Read Chapter 26, 22 and 36 of the class textbook and review the attached Power Point presentations. Read Content chapter 36 in Davis Plus Online Website. Once done present a 600 words essay (excluding the first and reference page) discussing the origin of the health belief of these three heritage given an example on how they affect the delivery of health care in this 21st century.
The assignment must be presented in an APA format, word document, Arial 12 font. You must used at least two evidence based references besides the class textbook.Transcultural Health Care: A Culturally Competent Approach, 4th Edition
Copyright © 2013 F.A. Davis Company
Polish American Culture
Larry Purnell, PhD, RN, FAAN
*
Transcultural Health Care: A Culturally Competent Approach, 4th Edition
Polish Overview/Heritage
Over 9 million people in the United States and 800,000 people in Canada identify their ancestry as Polish.Displaying fierce patriotism, courage, and determination to resist another occupation, Poland was the only country to combat Germany from the first day of the Nazi invasion until the end of the war in Europe.*
Transcultural Health Care: A Culturally Competent Approach, 4th Edition
Polish Overview/Heritage
Between the 1939 Nazi invasion and the end of World War II in 1945, nearly six million Poles, comprising over 15 percent of Poland’s total population, perished.Many Polish Jews were exterminated by the Nazis in the Holocaust, prisoners killed in concentration or forced labor camps, soldiers, and civilians.*
Transcultural Health Care: A Culturally Competent Approach, 4th Edition
Polish Overview/Heritage
After Stalin’s death, Polish communism vacillated between repression and liberalization until about 1970.Poland’s resistance to Communist rule began in 1970 with the emergence of Lech Walesa, the leader of a strike in the Gdansk shipyards.*
Transcultural Health Care: A Culturally Competent Approach, 4th Edition
Polish Overview/Heritage
The 1980 emergence of Solidarity and the election of a Polish Pope rekindled a religious rebirth in the Poles, an increased sense of self, social identity, and the realization of their collective strength.Solidarity became a major social movement and phenomenon unheard of within the Soviet bloc’s political system.*
Transcultural Health Care: A Culturally Competent Approach, 4th Edition
Polish Overview/Heritage
In July, 1989, the newly elected Parliament changed the country’s name and constitution, establishing the Third Republic of Poland and a democratic system of government.Polish immigrants have maintained their ethnic heritage by promoting their culture, attending Catholic churches, attending parades/festivals, maintaining ethnic food traditions, speaking the Polish language.*
Transcultural Health Care: A Culturally Competent Approach, 4th Edition
Polish Overview/Heritage
Newer immigrants are less concerned with raising consciousness over Polish American issues as they are with financially helping families who remain in Poland and raising concerns over the political/economic climate in their homeland.*
Transcultural Health Care: A Culturally Competent Approach, 4th Edition
Polish Overview/Heritage
Like any other group that perceives themselves as unaccepted, displaced, and different, Polish immigrants established a geographically and socially segregated area which was called a “Polonia”.Polish immigration to America continues today; many come to earn money then return to Poland.*
Transcultural Health Care: A Culturally Competent Approach, 4th Edition
Polish Overview/Heritage
At the peak of Polish migration, Chicago was considered the most well-developed Polish community in the United States.Poles are a heterogeneous group. As such, they were slow to assimilate into multicultural America.*
Transcultural Health Care: A Culturally Competent Approach, 4th Edition
Polish Overview/Heritage
Even after displaying a sense of duty, honor, and patriotism during wartime, Polish Americans often experienced discrimination during and after the war.Poles were passed over for jobs because they had difficulties speaking English and their names were difficult to pronounce or spell.Name changes became common for Polish Americans seeking upward mobility.*
Transcultural Health Care: A Culturally Competent Approach, 4th Edition
Copyright © 2013 F.A. Davis Company
Polish Overview/Heritage
Many Polish Americans still experience discrimination and ridicule through ethnic Polish jokes, which are similar in scope to those about Irish, Italian, and Mexican Americans.*
Transcultural Health Care: A Culturally Competent Approach, 4th Edition
Copyright © 2013 F.A. Davis Company
Polish Communication
The dominant language of people living in Poland is Polish, although there are some regional dialects and differences.Generally, most Polish speaking people can communicate with each other.Recently, a resurgence of interest in learning to speak the Polish language has occurred among Polish Americans.*
Transcultural Health Care: A Culturally Competent Approach, 4th Edition
Copyright © 2013 F.A. Davis Company
Polish Communication
Touch is common among family members and friends, but Poles may be quite formal with strangers and health-care providers.Handshaking is considered polite. In fact, failing to shake hands with everyone present may be considered rude.Most Poles feel comfortable with close personal space: distances increase with strangers.*
Transcultural Health Care: A Culturally Competent Approach, 4th Edition
Copyright © 2013 F.A. Davis Company
Polish Communication
First-generation Poles and other people from Eastern European countries commonly kiss “Polish style.” That is, once on each cheek and then once again. For Poles, kissing the hand is considered appropriate if the woman extends it.Two women may walk together arm in arm, or two men may greet each other with an embrace, a hug, and a kiss on both cheeks.*
Transcultural Health Care: A Culturally Competent Approach, 4th Edition
Copyright © 2013 F.A. Davis Company
Polish Communication
Many consider the use of spoken second person familiarity rude. Polish people speak in the third person. For example, they might ask, “Would Martin like some coffee?” rather than “Would you like some coffee?”Many Polish names are difficult to pronounce. Even though a name may be mispronounced, a high value is placed on the attempt to pronounce it correctly.*
Transcultural Health Care: A Culturally Competent Approach, 4th Edition
Copyright © 2013 F.A. Davis Company
Polish Communication
Polish Americans use direct eye contact when interacting with others.Many Americans may feel uncomfortable with this sustained eye contact and feel it is quite close to staring, but to Poles, it is considered ordinary.Poles tend to share thoughts and ideas freely, particularly as part of their hospitality.*
Transcultural Health Care: A Culturally Competent Approach, 4th Edition
Copyright © 2013 F.A. Davis Company
Polish Communication
Americans talk of sports while Poles speak of their personal life, their jobs, families, spouse, aspirations, and misfortunes.Punctuality is important to Polish Americans. To be late is a sign of bad manners.Even in social situations, people are expected to arrive on time and stay late.*
Transcultural Health Care: A Culturally Competent Approach, 4th Edition
Copyright © 2013 F.A. Davis Company
Polish Communication
Polish Americans are both past and future oriented.The past is very much a part of Polish culture, with the families passing on their memories of WW II, which still haunt them in some way.A strong work ethic encourages Poles to plan for the future.*
Transcultural Health Care: A Culturally Competent Approach, 4th Edition
Copyright © 2013 F.A. Davis Company
Polish Communication
Traditional Polish names are often a description of a person (e.g., John Wysocki means John the tailor), or a profession (e.g. the surname Recznik means butcher), or a place (e.g., Sokolowski means one from a town named Sokoly, Sokolka, etc.)*
Transcultural Health Care: A Culturally Competent Approach, 4th Edition
Copyright © 2013 F.A. Davis Company
Polish Communication
Changes in surnames may have been made during the country’s record keeping process or during the immigration processing on Ellis Island.The transfer of information from emigrant to official records was highly dependent on the pronunciation, spelling, and writing skills of both the recorder and the applicant.*
Transcultural Health Care: A Culturally Competent Approach, 4th Edition
Polish Family Roles and Organization
Life in the Polish culture centers on family.Each family member has a certain position, role, and related responsibilities.All members are expected to work, make contributions, and strive to enhance the entire family’s reputation, social, and economic position.*
Transcultural Health Care: A Culturally Competent Approach, 4th Edition
Polish Family Roles and Organization
Individual concerns and personal fulfillment are afforded little consideration and sacrifices for the betterment of the family are expected.In most Polish families, the father is perceived as the head of the household.Depending on the degree of assimilation, the father may rule with absolute authority*
Transcultural Health Care: A Culturally Competent Approach, 4th Edition
Polish Family Roles & Organization
Among some third- and fourth–generation Polish Americans and second- and third–wave immigrants, more egalitarian gender roles are becoming the norm.Historically, large families were commonplace.Polish women, following the Roman Catholic Church’s teachings, often experienced between 5 and 10 pregnancies.*
Transcultural Health Care: A Culturally Competent Approach, 4th Edition
Polish Family Roles & Organization
The most valued behavior for Polish American children is obedience.Taboo childhood behaviors include any act that undermines parental authority.Parents are quite demonstrative with children.Many parents praise children for self-control and completing chores.*
Transcultural Health Care: A Culturally Competent Approach, 4th Edition
Polish Family Roles & Organization
Little sympathy is wasted on failure but doing well is openly praised.Children are taught to resist feelings of helplessness, fragility, or dependence.For many, important family priorities are to maintain the honor of the family in the larger society, to have a good jobs, and to be good Catholics.*
Transcultural Health Care: A Culturally Competent Approach, 4th Edition
Polish Family Roles & Organization
Older people are highly respected.They play an active role in helping grandchildren learn Polish customs and in assisting adult children in their daily routine with families.For some families, one of the worst disgraces, as seen through the eyes of the Polish community, is to put an aged family member in a nursing home.*
Transcultural Health Care: A Culturally Competent Approach, 4th Edition
Polish Family Roles & Organization
Third- and fourth–generation Polish Americans may consider an extended-care or assisted living facility.Extended family, consisting of aunts, uncles, and godparents, is very important to Poles.Longtime friends become aunts or uncles to Polish children.*
Transcultural Health Care: A Culturally Competent Approach, 4th Edition
Polish Family Roles & Organization
Alternative lifestyles are seen as part of assimilation into the blended American culture.Same-sex couples are frowned upon and may even be ostracized, depending on the level of assimilation.The Polish value for family solidarity is strong and divorce is truly seen as a last resort.When divorce does result, single heads of households are accepted.*
Transcultural Health Care: A Culturally Competent Approach, 4th Edition
Polish Workforce Issues
Polish Americans have extensive social networks and their strong work ethic enables them to gain employment and assimilate easily into the workforce.Some Poles entering America are underemployed and may have difficulty working with authority figures who are less educated than themselves.*
Transcultural Health Care: A Culturally Competent Approach, 4th Edition
Polish Workforce Issues
Poles are usually quick learners and work hard to do a job well.The Polish characteristic of praising people for their work makes Poles strong managers, but some lack sensitivity in their quest to complete tasks.Foreign-born Poles may have some difficulty understanding the subtle nuances of humor.*
Transcultural Health Care: A Culturally Competent Approach, 4th Edition
Polish Workforce Issues
Because Poles learn deference to authority at home, in the church, and in parochial schools, some may be less well suited for the rigors of a highly individualistic, competitive market.Polish immigrants who worked under a communist bureaucratic hierarchy may have some difficulty with the structure, subtleties, and culture of the American workplace.*
Transcultural Health Care: A Culturally Competent Approach, 4th Edition
Polish Biocultural Ecology
Most Poles are of medium height with a medium-to-large bone structure.As a result of foreign invasions over the centuries, Polish people may be dark and Mongol looking or fair with delicate features with blue eyes and blonde hair.Poles consider themselves tough and be able to tolerate pain from injuries, illness, and disease.*
Transcultural Health Care: A Culturally Competent Approach, 4th Edition
Polish Biocultural Ecology
In 1986, the Chernobyl radiation incident in Russia contaminated the land and water systems of eastern Poland.The full impact of this disaster on the incidence of cancer in Poland, as well as for Poles emigrating to other parts of the world, remains unknown.*
Transcultural Health Care: A Culturally Competent Approach, 4th Edition
Polish Biocultural Ecology
Health conditions common among Poles include cardiovascular disease, stroke, obesity, and cervical cancer.*
Transcultural Health Care: A Culturally Competent Approach, 4th Edition
Polish High-Risk Behaviors
Alcohol misuse, with its subsequent physiological, psychological, and sociological effects and its related financial impact, continues to be an ongoing concern among Polish Americans.Illicit drug use is becoming more commonly used by Polish urban residents.Cannabis is the most popular illicit drug.*
Transcultural Health Care: A Culturally Competent Approach, 4th Edition
Polish Nutrition
Most Poles extend the sharing of food and drink to guests entering their homes.Eating and/or drinking with the host is perceived as social acceptance.Polish foods and cooking are similar to German, Russian, and Jewish practices.Staples of the diet are millet, barley, potatoes, onions, radishes, turnips, beets, beans, cabbage, carrots, cucumbers, tomatoes, and apples.*
Transcultural Health Care: A Culturally Competent Approach, 4th Edition
Polish Nutrition
Common meats eaten are chicken, beef, and pork.Traditional high-fat entrees include pigs’ knuckles and organ meats such as liver, tripe, and tongue.Kapusta (sauerkraut), golabki (stuffed cabbage), babka (coffee cake), pierogi”(dumplings), and chrusciki”(deep-fried bowtie pastries) are common ethnic foods.*
Transcultural Health Care: A Culturally Competent Approach, 4th Edition
Polish Nutrition
The Polish American diet is frequently high in carbohydrates, sodium, and saturated fat.Except for individuals living near the Baltic Sea in northern Poland who consume fish regularly, Poles are in danger of developing nutritional problems related to the lack of iodine in their diet.*
Transcultural Health Care: A Culturally Competent Approach, 4th Edition
Polish Pregnancy & Childbearing Practices
Because family is very important, most Poles want children.In Poland, the Catholic Church strongly opposes abortion, which is the prevailing attitude of many Poles in America.Fertility practices are balanced between the needs of the family and the laws of the Church.*
Transcultural Health Care: A Culturally Competent Approach, 4th Edition
Polish Pregnancy & Childbearing Practices
Pregnant Polish Americans are expected to seek preventive health care, eat well, and rest adequately to ensure a healthy pregnancy and baby. The emphasis is on “eating for two”.Many consider it bad luck to have a “baby shower.” Polish grandmothers
may be reluctant to give gifts until after the baby is born. Birthing is typically done in the hospital.*
Transcultural Health Care: A Culturally Competent Approach, 4th Edition
Polish Pregnancy & Childbearing Practices
Pregnant women usually follow the physician’s orders carefully.The birthing process is considered the domain of women.Newer Polish immigrants may feel uncomfortable with men in the birthing area or with family-centered care.*
Transcultural Health Care: A Culturally Competent Approach, 4th Edition
Polish Pregnancy and Childbearing Practices
Women are expected to rest for the first few weeks after delivery.For many, breastfeeding is important.*
Transcultural Health Care: A Culturally Competent Approach, 4th Edition
Polish Death Rituals
Most Poles have a stoic acceptance of death as part of the life process and a strong sense of loyalty and respect for their loved ones.Family and friends stay with the dying person to negate any feelings of abandonment.The Polish ethic of demonstrating caring by doing something means bringing food to share, caring for children, and assisting with household chores.*
Transcultural Health Care: A Culturally Competent Approach, 4th Edition
Polish Death Rituals
Most Polish women are quick to help with the physical needs of the dying.Home hospice care is acceptable to most Poles.Polish American family members follow a funeral custom of having a wake for 1 to 3 days, followed by a Mass and religious burial.Most Poles honor their dead by attending Mass and making special offerings to the Catholic Church on All Souls Day, November 1.*
Transcultural Health Care: A Culturally Competent Approach, 4th Edition
Polish Spirituality
The Catholic Church requires attendance at Mass on all Sundays and holy days of obligation and is an integral part of the lives of most.There are “holy days” in almost every month of the year in addition to the rituals of baptism, first holy communion, confirmation, marriage, sacrament of the sick, and burial.Birthdays are important religious events.*
Transcultural Health Care: A Culturally Competent Approach, 4th Edition
Polish Spirituality
One very popular song is “Sto Lat,” which conveys wishes that the celebrant live 100 years.Primary spiritual sources are God and Jesus Christ, the Virgin Mary, saints, and angels to ward off evil and danger.Honor and special attention is paid to the Black Madonna or Our Lady of Czestachowa*
Transcultural Health Care: A Culturally Competent Approach, 4th Edition
Polish Spirituality
Many older Polish people believe in the special properties of prayer books, rosary beads, medals, and consecrated objects.Polish Americans commonly exhibit devotions to God in their homes, such as crucifixes and pictures of the Virgin Mary, the Black Madonna, and Pope John Paul II.*
Transcultural Health Care: A Culturally Competent Approach, 4th Edition
Polish Health-care Practices
Most Poles put a high value on stoicism and doing what needs to be done.Many only go to health-care providers when symptoms interfere with function; then they may consider the advice provided carefully before complying.Many Poles are reluctant to discuss their treatment options and concerns with physicians and routinely accept the proposed care plan.*
Transcultural Health Care: A Culturally Competent Approach, 4th Edition
Polish Health-care Practices
If Poles believe they are unable to pay the medical bill, they may refuse treatment unless the condition is life-threatening.Many have a strong fear of becoming dependent and resist relying on charity.Since many Poles consider Medicare, Medicaid and managed care as forms of social charity, they are reluctant to apply for them.*
Transcultural Health Care: A Culturally Competent Approach, 4th Edition
Polish Health-care Practices
Poles usually look for a physical cause of disease before considering a mental disorder.If mental health problems exist, home visits are preferred.Talk oriented interventions/therapies without pharmaceutical or suitable psychosocial strategies are dismissed unless interventions are action oriented.*
Transcultural Health Care: A Culturally Competent Approach, 4th Edition
Polish Health-care Practices
Given the continuation of limited access to care and the strong work ethic of this cultural group, health promotion practices are often undervalued by Polish Americans.Older Polish Americans and newer immigrants commonly smoke and drink, engage in limited physical exercise outside of work, and receive poor dental care.*
Transcultural Health Care: A Culturally Competent Approach, 4th Edition
Polish Health-care Practices
Attention to health promotion practices among Polish American women may be complicated by their sense of modesty and religious background.Breast self-examination and Pap smear tests are poorly understood by many women, depending on the assimilation into American culture.*
Transcultural Health Care: A Culturally Competent Approach, 4th Edition
Polish Health-care Practices
The Polish ethic of stoicism discourages the use of over-the-counter medications unless a symptom persists.Most Poles refuse to take time off from work to see a health-care provider until self-help measures have proven ineffective.Herbs and rubbing compounds may also be used for problems associated with aches, pains, and inflammation from overworked joints.*
Transcultural Health Care: A Culturally Competent Approach, 4th Edition
Polish Health-care Practices
Being unable to speak and understand English, the cost of health care, and the complexity to navigate the US system are the greatest barriers to health care for Polish immigrants.*
Transcultural Health Care: A Culturally Competent Approach, 4th Edition
Polish Health-care Practices
Due to their strong sense of stoicism and fear of being dependent upon others, many Polish Americans use inadequate pain medication and choose distraction as a means of coping with pain and discomfort.When asked, many Poles either deny or minimize their pain or level of discomfort.*
Transcultural Health Care: A Culturally Competent Approach, 4th Edition
Polish Health-care Practices
Few Poles turn to psychiatrists or mental health providers for help. Those who seek help from mental health professionals do so as a last resort.Many individuals choose their priest or seek assistance from a Polish volunteer agency before going to a health professional for psychiatric help.*
Transcultural Health Care: A Culturally Competent Approach, 4th Edition
Polish Health-care Practices
Given the ethic of being useful, independent and a good Catholic influences one to refrain from using extraordinary means to keep people alive.The individual or family determines what means are considered extraordinary. Receiving blood transfusions or undergoing organ transplantation is acceptable.*
Transcultural Health Care: A Culturally Competent Approach, 4th Edition
Polish Health-care Practitioners
Immigrant Poles often assess health-care providers by their demeanor, warmth, and displays of respect.Health advice may be sought from chiropractors and local pharmacists as well as neighbors and extended family.Biomedical advice is sought when a symptom persists and interferes with daily functions of life.*
Transcultural Health Care: A Culturally Competent Approach, 4th Edition
Polish Health-care Practitioners
Physicians are held in high regard in Polish communities.Poles may change physicians if they believe their recovery is too slow or if a second opinion is needed.Educated Poles are more willing to follow medical orders and continue with prescribed treatment than those less educated.*
Transcultural Health Care: A Culturally Competent Approach, 4th Edition
Polish Health-care Practitioners
Polish women are modest and self-conscious. They may refuse health care when asked to disrobe in front of a male health-care provider.In some cases, it may be critical to request a female provider.Poles expect health-care providers to appear neat and clean, provide treatments as scheduled, administer medications on time, and enjoy their work.Transcultural Health Care: A Culturally Competent Approach, 4th Edition
Copyright © 2013 F.A. Davis Company
Russian American Culture
Larry Purnell, PhD, RN, FAAN
*
Transcultural Health Care: A Culturally Competent Approach, 4th Edition
Russian Overview/Heritage
This presentation focuses on Russians who are immigrants to the United States.The Russian Federation, the largest country in the world, is composed of 21 republics and covers parts of two continents, Asia and Europe.Under communism all media were controlled, disseminating only information that the government wanted people to know.*
Transcultural Health Care: A Culturally Competent Approach, 4th Edition
Russian Overview/Heritage
Under Communism, everyone could attend higher education institutions, resulting in a well-educated population.Many scientists, physicians, and other professionals who have immigrated to the United States find difficulty in continuing to practice their profession, necessitating employment in occupations that lower self-esteem.*
Transcultural Health Care: A Culturally Competent Approach, 4th Edition
Copyright © 2013 F.A. Davis Company
Russian Communication
The official language of Russia is Russian.Most educated Russians in the United States speak English to some extent because professional literature in Russia was printed in English.Many do not understand medical jargon and have difficulty communicating abstract concepts.*
Transcultural Health Care: A Culturally Competent Approach, 4th Edition
Copyright © 2013 F.A. Davis Company
Russian Communication
Many older Russian Jewish immigrants speak Yiddish.Younger Jewish immigrants usually do not speak Yiddish because it was strongly discouraged in Russia.*
Transcultural Health Care: A Culturally Competent Approach, 4th Edition
Copyright © 2013 F.A. Davis Company
Russian Communication
Punctuality is the norm, and many arrive early.Temporality is toward present and future orientation.In Russia, many people concerned themselves with having food and other necessities, not just for that day, but also for the following days and weeks ahead.*
Transcultural Health Care: A Culturally Competent Approach, 4th Edition
Copyright © 2013 F.A. Davis Company
Russian Communication
Direct eye-to-eye contact is the norm among family, friends, and others without distinction between genders.Some may avoid eye contact when speaking with government officials, a practice common in Russia where making eye contact with government officials and other people in hierarchal positions could lead to questioning.*
Transcultural Health Care: A Culturally Competent Approach, 4th Edition
Copyright © 2013 F.A. Davis Company
Russian Communication
Most individuals accept touch regardless of age and gender.Vocal volume may be loud, extending to those nearby who are not part of the conversation.Russians do not appreciate when others stand with their hands inserted into pockets, cross arms over their chests, and slouch.*
Transcultural Health Care: A Culturally Competent Approach, 4th Edition
Copyright © 2013 F.A. Davis Company
Russian Communication
Until trust is established, many Russians stand at a distance and are aloof when speaking with health-care providers.Many educated women keep their maiden names when they marry.*
Transcultural Health Care: A Culturally Competent Approach, 4th Edition
Russian Family Roles & Organization
Family, children, and older adults are highly valued. Russians, accustomed to extended family living in their home country, continue the practice when they emigrate.Decision-making among current immigrants is usually egalitarian with decisions being made by the parents or by the oldest child.*
Transcultural Health Care: A Culturally Competent Approach, 4th Edition
Russian Family Roles and Organization
While parents work, grandparents care for grandchildren.Older people live with their children when self-care is a concern.Nursing homes are rare and are of poor quality in Russia; thus, children may fear placing parents in long-term care facilities.*
Transcultural Health Care: A Culturally Competent Approach, 4th Edition
Russian Family Roles & Organization
Children of all ages are expected to do well in school, go on for higher education, help care for older family members, and tend to household chores, according to traditional gender roles.Teens are expected not to engage in sexual activity.Sex and contraceptive education are not traditionally provided.*
Transcultural Health Care: A Culturally Competent Approach, 4th Edition
Russian Family Roles & Organization
Single and divorced relationship statuses are accepted without stigma.Gay and lesbian relationships are not recognized or discussed and are still stigmatized by a large part of the population.*
Transcultural Health Care: A Culturally Competent Approach, 4th Edition
Russian Workforce Issues
The concept of teamwork is new to Russian nurses as is critical thinking and sensitive care-giving.When communicating in the workplace, Russians promote the value of positive politeness, a technique that employs rules of positive social communication.*
Transcultural Health Care: A Culturally Competent Approach, 4th Edition
ClickerCheck
The nurse is conducting an intake assessment on a 76 year old Russian immigrant. She does not maintain eye contact with the nurse. The lack of eye contact is most likely due to
Respect for the nurse.
Lack of trust.
Does not want to tell the truth.
Most Russians do not maintain eye contact when conversing.
*
Transcultural Health Care: A Culturally Competent Approach, 4th Edition
Correct Answer
Correct answer: B
Many older Russian immigrants do not maintain eye contact with governmental officials or people in hierarchal positions because they could not be trusted.
*
Transcultural Health Care: A Culturally Competent Approach, 4th Edition
Russian Workforce Issues
The employee, using positive politeness, will say nice things that show that the person is accepted, while simultaneously providing support, empathy, and avoiding negative discourse with coworkers.When negotiating compromise, Russians express emotion and invest considerable time and effort into supporting decisions.*
Transcultural Health Care: A Culturally Competent Approach, 4th Edition
Russian Workforce Issues
With colleagues and friends, Russians communicate directly, which is considered a sign of sincerity.*
Transcultural Health Care: A Culturally Competent Approach, 4th Edition
Russian Biocultural Ecology
Russians in the US are predominately white making them prone to skin cancer.Common health conditions of Russians include alcoholism, depression, gastrointestinal disorders, respiratory diseases, cardiovascular diseases, cancer due to radiation, dental disease, tuberculosis, diabetes mellitus, and hyperlipedemia.*
Transcultural Health Care: A Culturally Competent Approach, 4th Edition
Russian Biocultural Ecology
Many who come from Eastern Europe were exposed to the radiation effects of the Chernobyl disaster in 1986, resulting in a high incidence of cancer among this immigrant group.*
Transcultural Health Care: A Culturally Competent Approach, 4th Edition
Russian High-Risk Behaviors
Both men and women have high smoking rates.Domestic violence is common and is related mostly to high rates of alcohol consumption.Domestic violence support services are not available in Russia; thus, patients are reluctant to report or seek help for domestic violence in the United States.*
Transcultural Health Care: A Culturally Competent Approach, 4th Edition
Russian Nutrition
Common foods include cucumbers in sour cream, pickles, hard-boiled eggs as well as eggs served in a variety of other ways, marinated or pickled vegetables, soup made from beets (borscht), cabbage, buckwheat, potatoes, yogurt, soups, stews, and hot milk with honey.Cold drinks are not favored.*
Transcultural Health Care: A Culturally Competent Approach, 4th Edition
Russian Nutrition
Meat choices include pickled herring, smoked fish, anchovies, sardines, cold tongue, chicken, ham, sausage, and salami.Bread is a staple with every meal.The diet overall is high in fat and salt.*
Transcultural Health Care: A Culturally Competent Approach, 4th Edition
Russian Pregnancy andChildbearing Practices
Many new immigrants may not be aware of different methods of fertility control.Abortion is very common in