Your response should be substantive in nature and should reference the assigned readings, as well as other theoretical, empirical, or professional literature and media to support your views and writings.DISCUSSION 1:As we interact with people we are to give them our best of our therapeutic approaches to offer a more prominent base to live by. Everyone has a demon, everyone has a shadow, and as the famous psychologist Carl Jung once said, “Give me a sane man and I will cure him.” There are multiple factors that we need to understand as we work with different ethnic backgrounds and know what’s logistically sound for the APA guidelines.We maintain and recognize the cultural background of the individual(Wedding 2019). In the examples of Dr. Beam’s study, They addressed this by saying something along the lines of it not being culturally acceptable to really go and talk to someone about having issues since she presented having struggles with depression like symptoms, such as suicidal thoughts and fatigue (Beam 2010).We must value cultural sensitivity and be aware of what we are displaying in accordance to the multicultural backgrounds of individuals (Wedding 2019). During the second session with During one session she addresses the issue with being socially different and a therapist. Working with someone who is socially different and how her client has experienced cultural differences in the work place. Before officially starting the session. (Beam 2010)5. We must provide multicultural and ethnically sound therapeutic strategies that are relevant and Culturally accepting. (Wedding 2019) Both individuals gave mind to the therapeutic idea of understanding and listening. However the other doctor wasn’t fully listening to why the client came into session in the first place. They both offered different therapeutic strategies of open listening, being mindful, and respecting the cultural differences of the client. (Beam 2010)I noticed that there’s are a lot of open ended questions being asked, and segues into other points. Really trying to dive deep into the cultural or social background of the individual they were interviewing. This helps us understand that we as human beings value similar things, if it’s work, social aspects, or our cultural perspective. We as therapists must support and give understanding to those who are different than us but in a sense, they are similar because we all want to be treated with a level of respect, dignity, and understanding that makes us feel as though we are heard.DISCUSSION 2: Your response should be substantive in nature and should reference the assigned readings, as well as other theoretical, empirical, or professional literature and media to support your views and writings. As I began preparing for next week’s assignment, our final paper, I researched more about therapy approaches for different cultural minorities. Eventually, I decided to use the same theme as my previous paper and chose to create a client that is part of the LGBTQ community. As I took a deeper dive into therapeutic approaches for LGBTQ clients, I saw a lot of peer-reviewed articles regarding affirmative therapy. While this is not a psychotherapy we have discussed in this course, I have chosen to use affirmative therapy for my imaginary client due to its evident empirical support. Along with affirmative therapy, I will also use cognitive behavioral therapy to assist my imaginary client with issues unrelated to their sexuality, such as everyday anxiety.I found a peer-reviewed article in my research that covers a broad topic of therapy strategies for LGBTQ clients (Hartwell & Kort, 2018). I also found a peer-reviewed article exclusive to affirmative therapy which I believe will be of great support for my final paper. This article focuses mainly on using affirmative therapy for LGBTQ older adults (Hinrichs & Donaldson, 2017). In reading this article, I have become more familiar with what exactly affirmative therapy is and how it is useful for LGBTQ clients. Affirmative therapy is a type of therapy in which the therapist uses verbal and nonverbal techniques to create an affirmative stance to embrace the positive aspects of LGBTQ members (Hinrichs & Donaldson, 2017). In this article, the authors created an outline of main points to consider with different stages of therapy (Hinrichs & Donaldson, 2017). I found this to be extremely helpful and this will assist me with implementing affirmative therapy with my imaginary client. From creating a welcoming environment, to intake forms and intake sessions, the authors of this article created an instruction-type outline for how to perform affirmative therapy with LGBTQ older adults (Hinrichs & Donaldson, 2017).I saw many parallels with this article and the APA multicultural guidelines (Wedding & Corsini, 2019). This article regarding affirmative therapy exhibits education, research, practice, and commitment to cultural awareness and sensitivity (Wedding & Corsini, 2019). Since the main aspect of affirmative therapy is to create a positive narrative for LGBTQ clients, the therapist must implement all of the multicultural guidelines in order to ensure a safe and judgment free environment for the client.DISCUSSION 3:What is your take on the diagnostic issues discussed?What more do you need to know about this disorder and how to diagnose it?What is your assessment of the assessment issues discussed for this disorder?Childhood DisordersDisorder discussed is: Attention- Deficit/ Hyperactivity Disorder1.The current diagnostic issue or controversy that will be explored (debating both pros and cons) is as follows:There are concerns about over-diagnosis and over-treatment of attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD). These concerns have been in media reports, as have the claims about the safety and efficacy of the different treatments for ADHD. There are concerns about the number of children and adolescents being put on stimulant medications. These medications can cause other symptoms in children and adolescents and exuberate their ADHD symptoms. There is evidence of over-prescribing in selected communities. Evidence suggests that across the United States underdiagnosis continues to occur, and only 50% of all children with ADHS are being treated with stimulant medications. Those who are treated with stimulant medications, inadequate treatment in common. Evidence suggests that for ADHD symptoms, stimulants are more effective than behavioral therapies in comparisons. Combined medications and behavioral treatments do not offer any advantages to medication treatment alone for ADHD symptoms (Jensen, 2000).2.To provide state-of-the-art assessment to properly diagnose this disorder in children and adolescents, the following is needed:
There may be cultural variations in attitudes toward and the interpretation of children’s behaviors. Clinical identification rates in the U.S. for African American and Latino populations tend to be lower than for Caucasian populations. Symptom ratings may be influenced by the cultural group of the child and the information presented, suggesting that culturally appropriate practices are relevant in assessing ADHD. This diagnosis in more frequent in males than in females. (APA, 2013). To provide state-of-the-art assessment and to properly diagnose this disorder primary care physicians are advised to obtain input from all the involved parties: family, agencies, and teachers/school staff. It is important for providers to screen for other disorders and factors that can mimic ADHD. Healthcare providers use the DSM-5 to help diagnose ADHD ( Brahmbhatt et. al., 2016).DISCUSSION 4:What is your take on the diagnostic issues discussed?What more do you need to know about this disorder and how to diagnose it?What is your assessment of the assessment issues discussed for this disorder?Intermittent Explosive Disorder in ChildrenDisorder discussed is: Intermittent Explosive DisorderThe current diagnostic issue or controversy that will be explored (debating both pros and cons) is as follows:The current issue that seems to follow this disorder is that it is terribly hard to diagnose as is from the criteria markers when conducting clinical interviews. Some of the conditions that are required of this disorder include verbal and/or physical aggression twice weekly for a 3 month period with no destruction/violence or 3 outbursts of physical destruction or violence within a 12 month period, cannot be premeditated, is a grossly excessive response from the psychosocial stressor, are not done for any achievement or goal, cause significant stress in daily life, and are not better explained by another disorder, substance use, adjustment issue in children 6-18 etc. (APA, 2013). This becomes an issue because we want to know as a doctor why the patient (especially children and adolescents) felt the need to do these outbursts and might not get any answer. This lack of a realistic answer will throw most people off and warrant further analysis of the personal history etc. A common controversy associated with this is that some parents/adults feel that the child/adolescent just need proper punishment such as grounding, spanking, etc. and will often comment something like “that kid just needs an ass whooping and it’ll fix the issue”. While parenting is necessary of course, this disorder has randomized outbursts of aggression with no true discernable cause which is confusing for the child. Furthermore, the outbursts are limited in diagnosis due to cultural and ethnic issues. Some cultures and ethnicities will see the aggression as normal childhood outbursts, while others might view minor destruction or outburst as significantly negative warranting clinical intervention when it is not necessary.2. To provide state-of-the-art assessment to properly diagnose this disorder in children and adolescents, the following is needed: One way to navigate this diagnosis is by proper use of a questionnaire such as the Interview Module for Intermittent Explosive Disorder (M-IED) to help figure out tendencies in aggression along with personal history (Olvera, 2001). It has been found that children and adolescents with this disorder often have significantly more lifetime aggression, oppositionality, inattention and hyperactivity/impulsivity. Luckily, this helps justify the diagnosis and proper treatment paths rather than it being missed and allowed to go untreated.DISCUSSION 5:Explain why you agree or disagree with their position, and offer references from psychological literature to back up your position.Bipolar Disorder in Children & Adolescents· Controversy summary:Controversies concerning the diagnosis and treatment of bipolar disorder in childrenThe rapid number of diagnoses of bipolar disorder did not begin in the U.S. until the mid 1990s. There is a small number of children whose behaviors closely fit DSM criteria for bipolar disorder. There is a significantly higher number who have been receiving a bipolar diagnosis, but their behaviors do not closely fit the criteria for this diagnosis. There are two diagnoses, mood dysregulation and temper dysregulation disorder with dysphoria that could be the correct diagnoses for that higher number of children being diagnosed with bipolar disorder. Bipolar diagnosis in children is poorly defined and can lead to misdiagnosis and inappropriate treatment. The increase in bipolar diagnoses in children is due to a redefinition of mania which is key to bipolar diagnosis. Some critics have suggested that bipolar diagnosis can be more palatable to some parents, teachers, and physicians than other better-fitting diagnoses, because the bipolar label attributes the child’s problematic behaviors and moods (Parens & Johnston, 2010).DISCUSSION 6:Explain why you agree or disagree with their position, and offer references from psychological literature to back up your position.Bipolar disorder causes an extreme shift in moods, thinking, and behaviors. There are Manic Episodes, Hypomanic Episodes, and Major Depressive Episodes, and the onset of the age is 18 for Bipolar one. The DSM-5 discuss that special consideration is needed to detect this diagnosis in children. Each Child will be judged at their own baseline following this diagnosis. (DSM,2013)A peer-reviewed article researched discussed the controversy of Pediatric Bipolar Disorder. Some people question if Bipolar disorder does exist in children or if the symptoms are the same as in adults. The issue remains that children do suffer from childhood bipolar disorder. The authors of the article stated that specialists who treat these disorders should not be insulted because it is unethical for people to treat this condition like it is not real (Goldstein, B. I., Post, R. M., & Birmaher, B., 2019)Another article discussed the rise of Pediatric Bipolar Disorder was triggered by a genuine controversy over an unanticipated and dramatic rise in the reported occurrence of the prepubescent bipolar disorder in the United States. There has been some justifiable criticism because of the rise in the number of children with Bipolar Disorder. Also raises the concerns of risking exposing the kids to unnecessary medication (Anthony, 2020)Children also can have other disorders that have unstable moods, irritability, temper, and anger outburst. A diagnosis such as ADHD and oppositional defiant behavior can also have some of the same symptoms as bipolar disorder, and the controversy exists with separating the diagnosis. (Pediatric Bipolar Disorder, 2020)