DNA Function Gene Expression micoevolution Macroevolution evolution UNIT 8,9,10 Quiz DNA Function Quiz Schedule: After deadline.Ended 02/14/2019 11:59 PM EST Started:02/08/2019 12:53 PM EST Submitted:02/08/2019 1:05 PM EST Score:90% Points:90 out of 100 Question 1 Points: During DNA replication, it is possible for the T residue in the template strand to form two hydrogen bonds with a T base on the new strand. This doesnt normally occur because: Feedback Correct, a small base is paired with a large base. Question 2 Points: Does the DNA in the skin cell have the same sequence of bases as the DNA in the brain cell of the same organism? Feedback Incorrect, cells in the human body have DNA from both parents! (red blood cells are the exception: they lose nucleus with its DNA when they mature) Question 3 Points: If radioactive nucleotide bases were provided to bacteria during DNA synthesis, then after cell division you would find: Feedback Correct, during DNA synthesis the newly synthesized strand will be radioactive while the template will be the original, non-radioactive, DNA. Each bacteria well get one copy of the new, radioactive DNA. Question 4 Points: What is the end result of DNA replication? Feedback Correct. Each new DNA strand is made from one of the two old strands. This new strand and its template are the new DNA molecule. Question 5 Points: PCR differs from DNA replication in which of the following ways? Feedback Correct, DNA replication produces one copy, but PCR produces many copies of DNA. Question 6 Points: Skin cells perform very different functions compared to brain cells. On the molecular level, what makes skin cells different from brain cells in the same organism? Feedback Correct Question 7 Points: A typical PCR cycle consists of steps at different temperatures, typically 55, 78 and 98 oC. The correct order of these steps is? Feedback Correct. First you denature the DNA at 98o C and then let the primers anneal at 55o. Question 8 Points: Which part of the nucleotide stores the genetic information? Feedback Correct. The specific sequence of nitrogenous bases used by DNA is how information is stored in the DNA. Question 9 Gene Expression Quiz Schedule: After deadline.Ended 02/14/2016 11:59 PM EST Started:02/08/2016 1:06 PM EST Submitted:02/09/2016 9:52 AM EST Score:100% Points:100 out of 100 Question 1 Points: A gene codes for a protein that is 500 amino acids long. Which of the following mutations is likely to be the most deleterious? Feedback Correct. This would produce a polypeptide that is only four amino acids long. This would certainly not have the same function as the original protein. Question 2 Points: Which of the following mutations would not be noticeable when studying the expressed traits (or proteins) of an organism? Feedback Correct. Silent mutations result in identical proteins and are only visible when studying DNA. Question 3 Points: Identify the flow of genetic information during protein synthesis in a eukaryotic Cell. Feedback Correct. Transcription produces RNA in the nucleus, and translation produces proteins in the cytoplasm. Question 4 Points: Which of the following statements is correct regarding DNA replication, PCR, and transcription? Feedback Correct. In both processes, double stranded DNA is produced with the help of DNA polymerases. Question 5 Points: Which of the RNA molecules can best be described as a copy of the gene that codes for a protein? (This RNA molecule carries the genetic information necessary to build a protein) Feedback Correct, mRNA is a copy of the gene and carries the genetic information necessary to build the protein. Question 6 Points: Transcription produces: Feedback Correct. Transcription produces RNA using a DNA template. Question 7 Points: Which nitrogen base is not found on nucleotides used to build the new molecule in transcription? Feedback Correct. RNA does not contain this nitrogen base. Question 8 Points: The tRNA with UAU as the anticodon would be attached to which amino acid? Feedback Correct. If the tRNA has UAU as the anticodon, the mRNA must have had AUA as the codon. AUA codes for isoleucine. Question 9 Points: When a cell is getting ready to divide into two cells (during the process of mitosis), which process must first happen so that the entire genome can be passed to the new daughter cells? Feedback Correct. DNA replication produces a new double helix. Each of these DNA molecules can then be passed on to the daughter cells. Question 10 Points: A gene codes for a protein that is 500 amino acids long. A nonsense mutation occurs at the 6th codon. What is the result? Feedback Correct. A nonsense mutation leads to a premature stop codon. Introduction to Evolution Quiz Schedule: After deadline.Ended 02/21/2016 11:59 PM EST Started:02/17/2016 9:45 AM EST Submitted:02/17/2016 9:58 AM EST Score:100% Points:60 out of 60 Question 1 Points: How does evolution occur? Feedback Correct. The evolution of a population occurs over generations. Question 2 Points: Below are some examples of changes that occur in life. Which one is an example of biological evolution? Feedback Correct. This is a change in a population over many generations of time and is an example of biological evolution. Question 3 Points: Which is not a component of the modern theory of biological evolution? Feedback Correct. Changes in individuals over a lifespan do not qualify as biological evolution. Question 4 Points: Which of the following ideas would fit within the theory of evolution as proposed by Charles Darwin and as accepted today? Feedback Correct. It is abundantly clear that fossils reveal the history of life on Earth given the many thousands that have been described and analyzed. The idea that the present is key to the past is the general assumption of geologists, evolutionary biologists, and others who attempt to reconstruct past events based on analysis of crime scene evidence like fossils or DNA sequences. Finally, the theory that all living species descended from a few common ancestors is supported by many detailed similarities that unite living organisms. Question 5 Points: Natural selection results in Feedback Correct. Natural selection allows better adapted organisms to survive and reproduce more successfully. Question 6 Points: Which statement is true about Charles Darwin? Feedback Correct. Darwin demonstrated evidence for and outlined a coherent theory of the evolutionary process. Microevolution Quiz Schedule: After deadline.Ended 02/21/2016 11:59 PM EST Started:02/17/2016 9:59 AM EST Submitted:02/17/2016 10:06 AM EST Score:100% Points:90 out of 90 Question 1 Points: Which gene pool has changed through some process of microevolution? Feedback Correct. White fur color is very likely an inherited characteristic caused by a genetic variation (allele) whose frequency has increased in the gene pool over time. Question 2 Points: ______________ can occur only if there are two or more separate gene pools that are exchanging individuals (through migration) or genes. Feedback Correct. Gene flow occurs when two or more populations mix. Question 3 Points: The sickle cell allele is more likely to have higher prevalence in populations where: Feedback Correct. The heterozygous condition for this allele confers an advantage in areas where malaria is common. Question 4 Points: Humans are the only primate species in which mammary glands (breasts) remain large and prominent throughout adulthood. Other primates mammary glands swell only when they are nursing offspring; scientists are not sure why human females have noticeable breasts on a permanent basis. One hypothesis is that they increase a females ability to attract mates. If so, this would be an example of a trait favored by Feedback Correct. If the main function of the prominent breast is to increase mating success, this would be an example of sexual selection. Question 5 Points: What sorts of effects do new mutations have on the individuals that inherit them? Feedback Correct. Mutations have a wide range of effects and are a normal feature of biology. Question 6 Points: A population of pond snails has two genetically determined types: one with a black stripe on its shell and one with a plain brown shell. Evidence indicates that there is absolutely no difference between the two snail types in terms of their fitness: each type survives, grows, and mates with the same average level of success. Over time, black-striped snails become more or less common in a population due to chance events. At one point, for example, the pond nearly dries up and the few surviving snails happen to be mostly black-striped. This evolutionary change is the result of Feedback Correct. Genetic drift occurs when allele frequencies change due to random events. It often occurs when populations are brought to low sizes by catastrophes (bottleneck effect). Question 7 Points: A storm uproots 60% of the trees in a population. This is an example of: Feedback Correct. Genetic drift refers to random events that change the frequency of alleles and genotypes in a population. Question 8 Points: Each year a gardener saves seeds from those tomato plants that produce the juiciest fruits. She uses these seeds to plant the next years crop of 20 plants. Over time, the gardener develops her own special variety of very juicy tomatoes. This is best described as an example of Feedback Correct. The tomatoes that were most successful were favored because of the preferences of a human breeder. Question 9 Points: Modern HIV therapy controls HIV infection through what strategy? Feedback Correct. This is HAART (ghly Active Anti-Retroviral Therapy) and has been very successful in controlling HIV infections. Macroevolution Quiz Schedule: After deadline.Ended 02/21/2016 11:59 PM EST Started:02/17/2016 10:06 AM EST Submitted:02/17/2016 10:17 AM EST Score:100% Points:100 out of 100 Question 1 Points: According to the data presented here, modern birds are most closely related to Feedback Correct. This is the closest group to modern birds. Question 2 Points: We can see evidence for the relatedness of humans, wheat plants, and bacteria if we compare their Feedback Correct. This is an intricate structure that is found in every living cell. Similarities indicate relatedness at the broadest level; all
life forms a single clade. Question 3 Points: Which best sums up the relationship between microevolution and macroevolution? Feedback Correct. Macroevolutionary changes result from microevolution operating over long periods of time and within biological lineages instead of individual gene pools. Question 4 Points: How might phylogenetics help scientists fight a new flu outbreak? Feedback Correct. All of these are true. Question 5 Points: Which form of speciation occurs while the organisms are living in the same geographic area? Feedback Correct. Sympatric speciation occurs without physical separation. Question 6 Points: The formation of new biological lineages is called _____________. Feedback Correct. Speciation is the formation of a new species, or biological lineage. Question 7 Points: A rare (fictitious) plant species, the Frilly Philodendron, contains a chemical that is helpful in controlling cancer. Biologists would like to find similar chemical compounds and test them for potential medical use. Which would be the most efficient strategy for finding these chemicals? Feedback Correct. Chemicals produced by a plant are encoded in their genes, so close relatives are most likely to make similar chemicals. Question 8 Points: Which of the following is true? Feedback Correct. Macroevolution occurs through the process of microevolution. Question 9 Points: According to the phylogenetic tree diagram above, Old world monkeys are most closely related to: Feedback Correct. Apes, humans, and old world monkeys share a common ancestor that is more recent than that between old world monkeys and the other primate groups. Question 10 Points: Which of the following terms would contain all of the other terms within it i.e. which is the most inclusive. Feedback Correct. Clades contain groups of related species, species are made up of different populations, and populations are made up of individuals. Therefore, clade is the most inclusive term in this list. Populations Quiz Schedule: After deadline.Ended 02/28/2016 11:59 PM EST Started:02/17/2016 10:17 AM EST Submitted:02/22/2016 9:07 AM EST Score:70% Points:70 out of 100 Question 1 Points: When does a self-limiting population such as a population of large fish or mammals grow the fastest? Feedback Correct. At this level there are many breeding individuals but the effects of crowding are minimal. Question 2 Points: Source: Montana Department of Public Health and Human Services, Vital Statistics 2010 Report and US Census Bureau Montana QuickFacts. N (human population size) 989,415 Annual number of births 12,058 Annual number of deaths 8,803 Total land area 376,962 km 2 What was the per capita rate of change in Montanas population in 2010? Feedback Incorrect. The per capita rate of change = per capita rate of birth ? per capita rate of death; not per capita rate of death / per capita rate of birth with intermediate results rounded prematurely. Question 3 Points: A population is Feedback Correct. A population is all the individuals of a given species in a given area at a given time Question 4 Points: Source: Montana Department of Public Health and Human Services, Vital Statistics 2010 Report and US Census Bureau Montana QuickFacts. N (human population size) 989,415 Annual number of births 12,058 Annual number of deaths 8,803 Total land area 376,962 km 2 What was Montanas per capita birth rate for 2010? Feedback Correct. Per capita birth rate = births / N Question 5 Points: Which graph below depicts an exponential growth pattern? Feedback Correct Question 6 Points: Aphids are tiny plant-sucking insects that complete a life cycle in a few weeks. A population of aphids is likely to be Feedback Incorrect. No population can increase exponentially forever. Question 7 Points: Most pest populations can be easily and effectively managed by occasionally killing most of the individuals, for example by using a chemical weed or insect killer. Feedback Correct. With their high birth rates, these populations are often hard to control using a single method. It may be necessary to limit birth rates as well, for example by reducing the available egg-laying habitat. Communities Quiz Schedule: After deadline.Ended 02/28/2016 11:59 PM EST Started:02/22/2016 9:09 AM EST Submitted:02/22/2016 9:42 AM EST Score:80% Points:80 out of 100 Question 1 Points: A sample of insects and other invertebrates is collected from an urban stream. A total of 244 individuals is collected from 2 m2 of stream bottom habitat. In this sample there are 22 recognizably different types of invertebrate. The average total length of the individuals is 6.7 mm. What is the best estimate of species richness based on these data? Feedback Correct. If each recognizable type is a species, the estimated species richness based on this sample is 22 species in the community. Question 2 Points: Which of the following are examples of symbiosis? . Feedback Correct. Two species live in close contact in these example. Question 3 Points: Occasionally American alligators are sighted in rivers or lakes in New York City, far north of their usual range. These alligators are usually escaped pets. There is no self-sustaining population of alligators in New York, and they have no important influence on other populations there. Is the American alligator a member of the ecological community in New York? Feedback Correct. The alligator does not have a self-sustaining population in New York and does not affect other species populations there. Question 4 Points: By damming streams, American beavers produce swamp, open marsh, and pond habitats that would not otherwise exist. Ecologists have compared the species diversity in regions with and without beaver populations. If the beaver is a keystone species, what do you think they found? Feedback Correct. Keystone species support higher species diversity by maintaining or supporting community types that would otherwise collapse. Question 5 Points: Two species with very similar resource requirements that live in the same area are most likely to interact in what way? Feedback Correct. Similar species are likely to compete. Question 6 Points: In Africa, grasses are the main vegetation in savanna communities. Acacias and other trees are few and widely scattered. Elephants range over very large territories and are not very abundant in any one location. However, they strongly affect the community by uprooting and consuming trees and shrubs, maintaining suitable habitat for grasses and grassland animals. Many species of birds and insects live in the savanna grasses. Which of the species or groups above would best be described as foundation species? Feedback Correct. Grasses are the most abundant organisms, are a key source of food, and make up the main physical structure of the savanna habitat. Question 7 Points: What type of relationship exists between the hummingbird and the flower? Feedback Correct. The bird is able to gain nourishment from the nectar and the flower is pollinated. Question 8 Points: Species richness is Feedback Incorrect. Species richness is a measure of the number of species, not the number of individuals Question 9 Points: The effect of wolves on the survival and growth of young trees along rivers in Yellowstone National Park is a good example of Feedback Correct. Wolves affect tree survival through their effect on a third species (grazers like elk). Question 10 Points: In Africa, grasses are the main vegetation in savanna communities. Acacias and other trees are few and widely scattered. Elephants range over very large territories and are not very abundant in any one location. However, they strongly affect the community by uprooting and consuming trees and shrubs, maintaining suitable habitat for grasses and grassland animals. Many species of birds and insects live in the savanna grasses. Based on this information, which of the species or groups above would best be described as keystone species? Feedback Incorrect. Grasses are very abundant and therefore dont qualify as keystone species. Ecosystems Quiz Schedule: After deadline.Ended 02/28/2016 11:59 PM EST Started:02/22/2016 9:43 AM EST Submitted:02/24/2016 7:25 PM EST Score:80% Points:80 out of 100 Question 1 Points: Which of the four major biogeochemical cycles are significantly affected by human activities? Feedback Correct. We influence all of these cycles. Question 2 Points: Which human activity reduces transpiration and can reduce rainfall in the affected region? Feedback Correct. Deforestation reduces plant cover, reduces transpiration, and can reduce regional rainfall levels. Question 3 Points: A dog eats a pound of dog food. What happens to the energy and chemical nutrients in the food over the next several days? Feedback Correct. Energy dissipates as heat; nutrients are recycled. Question 4 Points: Producers in a food chain are on which level of an energy pyramid? Feedback Correct. Producers make up the bottom of the energy pyramid. Question 5 Points: Turkey vultures soar high in the sky until they detect dead animals with their supremely sensitive noses. They then swoop down and eat the dead flesh. Which of the following terms accurately describe turkey vultures? Feedback Incorrect. One or more of your selections is not characteristic of turkey vultures. Question 6 Points: Adult largemouth bass eat smaller fish. These smaller fish eat a variety of foods. They eat some producers (algae) directly. They eat some zooplankton that are primary consumers. They also eat some predatory insects that are secondary consumers. Which option best describes the trophic level(s) of largemouth bass? Feedback Correct. When they eat primary consumers they are placed on level 3, but when their prey are at higher trophic levels they can be placed as high as level 5. Question 7 Points: Which of the following consumers should be most abundant and most able to obtain an adequate food supply from a small area of habitat? Feedback Correct. This consumer is close to the base of the energy pyramid and has a lot of energy available to it. Question 8 Points: Plants require phosphorus to build which kinds of macromolecules? Feedback Incorrect. Phosphorus is not required to make most proteins, lipids, or carbohydrates. Question 9 Points: Which statement accurately describes one role of producers?