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Complete the following problems within this Word document. Do not submit other files. Show your work for problem sets that require calculations. Ensure that your answer to each problem is clearly visible. You may want to highlight your answer or use a different type color to set it apart. Identify dependent and independent variables. For the following list of examples, identify the dependent variable and independent (or quasi-independent) variable. 1. A researcher tests whether cocaine use increases impulsive behavior in a sample of cocaine-dependent and cocaine-inexperienced mice. Independent Variable: ________ Quasi-Independent Variable: ________ Dependent Variable: ________ 2. A professor tests whether students perform better on a multiple-choice or fill-in-the-blank test format. Independent Variable: ________ Quasi-Independent Variable: ________ Dependent Variable: ________ 3. A researcher tests whether smoking by parents influences children’s attitudes toward smoking behavior. Independent Variable: ________ Quasi-Independent Variable: ________ Dependent Variable: ________ 4. A social scientist tests whether attitudes toward morality differ based on political affiliation (Democrat or Republican). Independent Variable: ________ Quasi-Independent Variable: ________ Dependent Variable: ________ 5. A cultural researcher tests whether individuals from different cultures share or differ in the belief that dreams have meaning. Independent Variable: ________ Quasi-Independent Variable: ________ Dependent Variable: ________ Describe the relationship between population and sample. Read the following and answer the question. Szklarska, Koziel, Bielicki, and Malina (2007) hypothesized that taller young men are more likely to move up the scale of educational attainment compared with shorter individuals from the same social background. They recruited 91,373 nineteen-year-old men to participate in the study. Do these participants most likely represent a sample or population? Explain. __________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ Enter and display data in SPSS. Use the supplied data to complete Steps 1–8. Five social media users spent the following number of minutes viewing Twitter: 15.21, 46.18, 12.45, 65.486, 26.852. 1. Open SPSS. 2. Click in the area and then click . 3. Click the tab at the bottom. 4. In the cell under , type . 5. The variable of is continuous. In the column, type 6. Click on the tab at the bottom of the screen. 7. Enter data in the column labeled 8. Take a screenshot of your data in SPSS and paste it below. Explain the identification of types of data. Fill in the table below. For each example, state whether it is grouped or ungrouped and why. The time (in seconds) it takes 100   children to complete a cognitive skills game. The number of single mothers with 1,   2, 3, or 4 children. The number of teenagers who have   experimented with smoking (yes, no). The age (in years) of freshman   students in a local college. Explain the identification of types of data. Read the following and answer the question. Data from Gallup polls over a 40-year period show how gun ownership in the United States has changed. The results are described in the table below, with the percentage of Americans who own guns given in each of 5 decades: 1972 43 1982 42 1992 48 2002 40 2012 43 Source: Reported at 1. Are the percentages reported here an ex

ample of descriptive statistics or interferential statistics? _____________________________________________________________ 2. Based on the percentages given in the table, how has gun ownership in the United States changed over the past 40 years? ______________________________________________________________________ Locate data on a chart. Read the following and answer the questions. Sex Women Men Unknown 24,541 23,617 479 878,261 751,188 927 Total 1,630,376 Identify frequencies and percents. State whether a cumulative frequency, relative frequency, relative percent, cumulative relative frequency, or cumulative percent is most appropriate for describing the following situations. For cumulative distributions, indicate whether these should be summarized from the top down or from the bottom up. 1. The frequency of businesses with at least 20 employees: ____________ 2. The frequency of college students with less than a 3.0 GPA: ____________ 3. The percentage of women completing 1, 2, 3, or 4 tasks simultaneously: ____________ 4. The proportion of pregnancies performed in public or private hospitals: ____________ 5. The percentage of alcoholics with more than 2 years of substance abuse: ____________ Identify distribution type and number of people. Read the following and answer the questions. In June 2016, a CBS News poll asked a sample of adults worldwide whether it should be legal or not legal for same-sex couples to marry (reported at ). The opinions of adults worldwide were as follows: 58%, legal; 33%, not legal; and 9%, unsure/no answer. 1. What type of distribution is this? __________________________ 2. Knowing that 1,280 adults were polled nationwide, how many Americans polled felt that same-sex couples should be allowed to legally marry? __________________________ Create an ascending frequency table in SPSS. Complete the following steps. The number of clicks per hour in forty different tweets: 1, 0, 8, 5, 2, 1, 8, 2, 0, 2, 6, 8, 7, 2, 0, 2, 7, 4, 6, 9, 3, 2, 9, 6, 9, 7, 5, 8, 8, 8, 9, 6, 5, 4, 8, 4, 5, 8, 5, 7 1. Open SPSS. 2. Click in the area and then click . 3. Click on the tab. 4. In the cell under , type . 5. The variable of is discrete, so enter in the column. 6. Click on the tab at the bottom of the screen. 1. Enter all 40 numbers from from the dataset of number of clicks per hour in the column labeled . 2. In the , click , select , and then select . 3. Select and then click to send it over to the right side of the table. 4. Click . Copy and paste the ascending values frequency table into the Word document. 5. Go back to , click , select , and then select . : Your answers to this problem set should be two separate SPSS outputs. Construct a bar graph in SPSS. The Clicks data from is discrete. Complete the following steps to create a bar chart to examine the data: 1. Go back to your SPSS Statistics Data Editor where your data should be displayed. 2. In the , click , select , and then select . 3. Click , then select . Select and then click to send it over to the box. 4. Click . Copy and paste the bar graph below. (nt: You might need to use and click the . option.) 5. : What is the shape of the distribution? Construct a pie chart in SPSS. Complete the following steps to create a pie chart to examine the attendance data from . 1. Go back to your SPSS Statistics Data Editor where your clicks data should be displayed. 2. Select , click , select , and then select . 3. Click for groups of case and then select . Select and then click to send it over to the box. 4. Click