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I simply need replies to each of these and references in APA format. Each response can just be a simple paragraph, all together equaling to a page.
1.dentify the international initiative you have chosen and describe one or two global health issues addressed by the initiative.
Gavi is an international group that helps provide vaccines to the poorest areas in the world. They work together with government agencies such as the World Health Organization, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, vaccine manufacturers, and Donor Country Governments, among many other known partnerships (Gavi, n.d.). Gavi provides vaccines against 17 of the world’s infectious diseases from yellow fever, measles, HPV, polio, Japanese encephalitis, a pentavalent vaccine that protects against five conditions, and meningitis; these are just a few of the vaccines offered (Gavi, n.d.). Direct contributions and innovative finance provide the vaccination initiative. These contributions are from grants and agreements between the donor governments (Gavi, n.d.).
Explain the relationship between economics and the issue. Be specific and provide examples. Be sure to explain the mission of the international initiative, including an example of an effective program that has been implemented.
The relationship between economics and vaccinations directly correlates with additional medical costs or medical care. According to Rodrigues & Plotkin (2020), the economic impact on health and vaccinations reduces morbidity and mortality while providing cost-effective care. For example, “The returns on investment in vaccines, given their increasing provision through Gavi, have been estimated at 12–18% (Bloom et al., 2005), but this is likely an underestimate” (Rodrigues & Plotkin, 2020, p. 9). States that vaccinations help provide preventative measures and prevent other diseases that may occur, such as cancer. As Rodrigues & Plotkin (2020) have stated, the pneumococcal meningitis vaccine can help save people’s hearing. Among the economic impact of prevention of other diseases and the cost-effectiveness of the health care system, vaccinations also provide social improvements, especially among children. Children vaccinated against deadly diseases are more productive in school and therefore provide a better workforce as they get older. They also increase life expectancy within the countries that may have lower rates. Gavi helps provide the necessary vaccinations that increase the chances of economic growth and stability within poorer countries and provide better programs for preventive health care measures.
2.COLLAPSE
Gavi is an Internal Initiative Addressing Global Health Issues
Gavi The Vaccine Alliance (Gavi) is one of the main foundations that administers considerable funding to low and middle countries (LMIC) such as Somalia, Sudan, Yemen, and Nigeria to support vaccinations and improve the health care systems (World Health Organization [WHO], n.d.). One focus area for Gavi is addressing the disparities in vaccine administration for children to prevent infectious diseases in LMIC countries. Gavi has provided over 888 million people with essential vaccines, transforming countries’ lives and economies and assisting a healthier world for everyone (Gavi, 2022). Gavi recognizes that political and social discord in most LMICs is a considerable barrier that prevents access to health care and social services for individuals. Therefore, Gavi focuses on programming that addresses poverty and strategies to support countries with delivering these essential social services determinants of health. Gavi targets health sectors in countries with weakened medical services to assist with rebuilding health care systems that parallel culture and empowers the community (Gavi, 2022). Gavi is an internal initiative that identifies that poverty and health disparities result in challenges and barriers to administering vaccines to children, and funding is required to support this initiative.
The Relationship Between Economics and Vaccine Administration
According to Markle et al. (2014), studies show that wealth leads to improved health care access leading to the potential for additional wealth, demonstrating how economics plays a critical role in obtaining health access. Therefore, people living in poverty dea

l with health inequities and disparities that perpetuate the cycle of poverty and prevent people from achieving good health. Gavi allocates over one billion US dollars on vaccines per year to address this health issue, with an additional 136 million for the countries receiving programming from Gavi through other funding sources and grants (Gavi, 2022). Gavia partners with multiple organizations, including UNICEF, the World Bank, professional and community associations, faith-based organizations, vaccine manufacturers, and several other contributors who believe vaccines protect all children and wealth should not dictate who receives these life-protecting medical services. In addition, Gavi empowers countries by providing training and resources to empower and rebuild health care systems, which positively impacts the region’s economics with the vitalization of the workforce (Gavi, 2022). Gavi believes that countries that have the opportunity to enrich their citizens with life-sustaining vaccines, improved healthcare, and workforce help bridge the health disparities within a region, resulting in health equity for all individuals.
Gavi Mission and Effective Programming
Gavi’s mission is: “Save lives and protect people’s health by increasing vaccines’ equitable and sustainable use” (Gavis, 2022). Gavi has a multifaceted approach to addressing the health disparities in childhood vaccines because poverty impacts health access and medical services. One of Gavi’s effective programming, TechNet-21that oversees the immunization supply chain for countries, includes effective coordination and infrastructure that ensures vaccines are transported and stored safely and administered to individuals lacking vaccine services to reduce child mortality (Gavi, 2022). Gavi strengthens the supply chain within countries by providing financial support, evaluation mechanisms, technical support, developing resources and tools, marketing shaping, and supporting government policy changes (Gavi, 2022). The effectiveness of TechNet-21 is apparent through the significant number of vaccines that are reaching the underserved children throughout the world and continues to ensure that future generations will continue to receive vaccines.
3.The Global Fund is a public health initiative to accelerate the end of AIDS, tuberculosis (TB), and malaria epidemics. The mission of the Global Fund is to promote innovative solutions to global health challenges. The initiative was created in 2002 with the purpose to manage and invest the world’s money to respond the three deadliest diseases, AIDS, tuberculosis (TB), and malaria. The Global Fund mobilizes and invest $4 billion a year to support programs in over 100 countries (The Global Fund, 2021). The Global Fund helps remove economic barriers to preventive services. The Global Fund addressed the AIDS epidemic with scientific advances and disease prevention, treatment, and care. The Global Fund provided millions of people with antiretroviral therapy for individuals living with HIV (The Global Fund, 2021). The Global Fund addressed TB with improving diagnostic systems by speeding up the testing and treatment of people with TB (The Global Fund, 2021). AIDS alone has devastated poverty-stricken communities and countries within Sub-Saharan Africa. AIDS is the leading cause of death in sub-Saharan Africa (Goliber, 2002). Economics is one of the leading factors contributing to the AIDs epidemic. Protection and preventive services are scarce and costly for many in sub-Saharan Africa. HIV and AIDS also reduces labor productivity and impacted labor due to increase mortality and morbidity (Dixon, 2002).
A program that the Global Fund has supported and implemented is Project Stellar. Project Stellar was created to support African countries to maximize resources to scale up COVID-19 testing and strengthening laboratory systems (The Global Fund, 2022). The project implementation includes improving national diagnostic governance, increase coverage for COVID-19 testing and surveillance, and strengthening data management (The Global Fund, 2022). The Global Fund provided financial investments and implementation guides to support and achieve WHO and Access to COVID-19 Tools Accelerator (ACT-A) targets for COVID-19 diagnostics (The Global Fund, 2022).