HUMAN MICROBIAL DISEASE -Define Pathogen – Define Infectious disease – Define Infection – Define Primary Infection – Define Secondary Infection – Define Opportunistic Infection – Define Accidental Infection – Define Pathogenicity – Define Virulence – Define Virulence Factors – Define Lethal dose – Outline the 4 steps a pathogen must complete to cause an infectious disease – What is the difference between direct and indirect transmission? Provide examples – What is a common vehicle transmission? Provide examples – What is the criteria for Airborne transmission? Provide examples – What are 3 criteria about skin that makes it an effective barrier against microbes? – What are 3 criteria about mucous membranes that makes it an effective barrier against microbes? – List one example of how a pathogen might penetrate a skin or mucous membrane barrier – Define Exotoxin and list at least 4 features they have – Define Endotoxin and list at least 4 features they have – List an example of a waterborne transmission disease List an example of a airborne transmission disease – List an example of a contact transmission disease – List an example of a vector transmission disease – Influenza virus has an envelope that contains 2 types of protein spikes. Name and describe them – Why are spike antigens good at evolving? – Name 3 characteristics about latent and slow (persistent) Viral Infections – How are viruses able to bring about cancer cell division? – Describe the difference between Viruses and Retroviruses in regards to cancer development – What is a vaccination? – Define Attenuated Vaccines – Define Inactivated Vaccines – Define Subunit Vaccines –
Define DNA Vaccines – Define Cutaneous Mycoses and its effect in humans THE CONTROL OF MICROORGANISMS – Define Sterilization – Define Bactericidal – Define Bacteriostatic – Describe sterilization by heat – Describe sterilization by irradiation – Describe sterilization by filtration – What is disinfection? – List and describe 3 types of disinfectants – Describe the Kinetics of Cell death – Draw and describe the kinetics of cell death for any microorganisms. ANTIMICROBIAL AGENTS – Define Antibiotic – What is a key component of antibiotics? – Define Infection – Name 5 antibiotics and the diseases they are typically used for – Name and describe 6 properties that antibiotics should have – What are 4 ways that antibiotics work? – Describe and give an example of disruption of cell membranes as it relates to antibiotics – Describe and give an example of inhibition of protein synthesis as it relates to antibiotics – Describe and give an example of inhibition of nucleic acid synthesis as it relates to antibiotics – Summarize in 5 sentences resistance to antibiotics – Provide 5 examples and describe 5 different ways bacteria can be resistant to antibiotics – Summarize in 5 sentences how bacteria resistance arises – Describe the pros and cons between broad-spectrum and narrow-spectrum antibiotics in 3 sentences – Define an Antiviral – Why are antiviral drugs not as common as antibacterial drugs? – List and provide a example of the 4 ways antivirals work – Describe how Antifungals work – List and describe 5 examples of Antifungal agents – Why is it hard to target Antiprotozoal Agents? – List and describe examples of Antiprotozoal Agents (At least 3)